Car truck



B. W. KADEL' Feb. 4, 1 930.

CAR TRUCK I Filed April 6, 1926 2 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR ByerJWflZdeZ ATTORNE Y Feb. 4, 1930. Bj'w. KADEL 5,

GAR TRUCK Filed April 6, 1926 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR P10 Byenrhlifizdal A TTORNEY Patented Feb. 4, 1930 I U N its f.

* sT rEs PATENT orrics BYER S WVKADEL, OF BALTIMORE, MARYLAND, ASSIGNORTO THE SYMINGTON COM- PANY, OFNEWYORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF MARYLANDCAB TRUCK Application filed April 6,

This invention relates to railway car trucks and'espe'cially to theconstruction of side frames and theassociated spring plank, bolster andspring plates together with the -ar rangement of a vsix or seven unitnest of springs cooperating therewith whereby increased truck capacityis secured.

The'principal objectof the invention, generally considered, is'theimprovement in design of the side frames, bolster, spring plank I andspring plates whereby a greater number i of springs than normallyemployed may be utilized without'radically changing the con- 7 structionof'the various parts.

An object of the invention is the employment of a nest of springscomprising six units hexagonally arranged in place of the standard fivegroup nest of springs for supi porting the bolster on the truck sideframes,

i the employment of an additionalspring unit said nest being employedeither with or without a central single coilspringwhereby inci easedtruck capacity is secured, the side frames, bolster, spring plank andspring plates being modified for etliciently accomplishing the desiredresult.

Another object ofthe invention is the design of side frames, bolster,spring plank and cooperating spring platesifor permitting with each side.frame, said spring unit to gether with the standard five units beingarranged in the form bfan equilateral'hexagon with a long axisthereofdisposed longitudi- :nally oftheside frame "withwhich itisemployed, thereby making it possible to use a spring plank notmaterially increased in length, the spring plank seat portions of theside framesbeing so constructed and reinforced by stools'or columnsthatan adequate area of suflicient strength is provided for properlysupporting the spring plank and its associatedjsprings, spring platesand bolster.

A'turther object of the invention is to increase the capacity of'railwaycar trucks employingstandard five unit nests of springs for supportingthe bolster with respect to the associated side frames, by using anadditional spring unit arranged with six spring units in hexagonal form,the complete nest of springs "being disposed with a long axis o'fthehexa- 1926. Serial No. 100,141.

gon substantially coinciding with the longitudinal axis of the sideframe whereby the springs balance about the longitudinal center line ofthe side frame, the spring plank being necessarily widened at its endsto allow for the increased corresponding dimension of the nest ofsprings, but being of approximately standard length because thedimension of the nest of springs longitudinally of the spring plank isnot very much increased, the bolster beingpreferably of nearly standardconstruction.

A still further object of the invention is the provision of a six groupnest of springs for supporting each end of a truck bolster whereby thecapacity of the truck with which employed is increased, said springsreplacing the A. R. A. standard five group nest of springs normallyemployed with seventy ton trucks and being positioned with respect tothe side frames so that the center of gravityof each nest lies on thelongitudinal cen ter line of the associated frame, the six units of thenest of springs being arranged as an equilateral hexagon with a longaxis disposed in line with the longitudinal axis of the side frame, theassociated spring plates being correspondingly formed and provided withcentrally disposed cupped portions adapted for receiving retaining meansof a shorter length than normal thereby obviating the necessity forforming apertures for said retaining means in the associated springplank and frame, said cupped portions being adapted mately standardlength but correspondingly widened at its ends for receiving thecorrespondinglyenlarged nest of springs and formed with bosses at itsends for limiting the-shifting of said springs, those ortions otthebolster guide columns of the sine frame struction of the various membersassociated with the bolster springs. v

Figure 2' is a fragmentary horizontal sectional view on the line 2-2 ofFigure 1 looking'in the direction of the arrows.

Figure 3 is a transverse sectional view on the line 3 -3of Figure 1looking in the direetion of the arrows- Figure 4' is a plan ofthe-spring plank seat portion' of the side frame, the position of thesprings thereover being indicated diagrammatically by dot and dashlines.

Figures is a top" plan of the bottom spring plate and is likewise abottom plan of the top spring plate. J

Referring" tothef drawings in detail, like partsbeing' designated bylike reference chara'cters, a truck side' fr'anie 1 is shown fragmenta'rily and sai'dframe', 1n the embodiment illustrated, is ofintegral" cast construction comprising. a compression member 2, atension ni'ember and bolster guide columnsor struts 4 spacingintermediate portions of sa d compression. and tension members, leavinga window or bolster opening therebetween;

The compression member 2, over the bolster opening, is illustrated as ofsubstantially channel or lnverted U shape in cross sectlon,

the bolster guide columns 4 are shown of similar construction at thebolster guiding portions thereof, while the tension member 3, beneaththe bolster opening 5, is preferably generally box shape. in crosssection and formed with an up'perweb 6, a lower web 7, a front or outerweb 8 and a rear or inner web 9, said webs 8 and 9' being preferablyupright or vertical beyond the bolsterlopening but being formedoutwardly. flaring or sloping from the side edges of the lower web 7 to"the upper web 6 beneath the bolster opening; In order to form a springplank seat portion of ample width, the web 6 extended laterally beneaththe bolster opening' forming outward or front flange or shelf portions10 beyond the web 8 and inward" orir'ear flange or shelf portions 11beyond the In the embodiment illustrated, the spring. plank 12 rests,directly on the upper web- 6 of the tension member whichv forms the"seat; ing. portion therefor, the upper surface of;

said spring plank seat portion is preferably provided with A. R. A.standard squaring lugs 13 which engage in corresponding apertures 14 inthe spring plank for maintaining the desired relation between the parts.The 6' end of the spring plank 12 is necessarily wider than'standardbecause of the, spring arrangement employed, but thespring plank may bemade from a plate of standard width by making the upstandingflanges attheendsweb .tliereofis formed with spring plate lo eating apertures 15positioned so that'when.

the spring plank is assembled with the side gitudinal center linethereof. p

Supportedonthe springplank 12 is a spring plate 1.6 formedwith locatingor positioning bosses 17 which engage in the aperframes the aperturesare located onthe lon- "tures 15 in the spring plank and serve toproperly position the spring plate 16 and associatedspring 18 onthespringplank- In the embodiment illustrated, the bosses 17 are formedby pressing substantially conical ex- 16 but it is-iobvious that theymay be of any desired construction In accordance with my invention, Iemploy a siX' unit nest of plate 16 and preferably properly located withrespect thereto by means of annular flanges or seventy ton side frames,are arranged inhexit agonal form, that is, they preferably forminoutline an equilateral or regular hexagon collars 19which engage theinnermost springs tensions: downwardly from-the spring plate 100 i V Vsprings positioned directlyonthe spring 7 and, when normally positioned,a long axis of said hexagon is disposed longitudinally of theside frameor transversely of the spring plank. In accordance with this arrangecreased dimensions of the nestfof; springs,-the

spring, plank 12' is necessarilywider atits ends than a spring plankemployed with an A. standard fiveunit' nest of springs iee.

normally used with seventy ton trucks. The arrangementof springs showncan" justgbe slid into place beneath astandard bolster,

' the bolster guidingflportionsof the columns 4, these cutsextending'up,as illustrated particularly in Figure 1, just slightlyabove the bottom face of the bolster, or the top face of the" springgroup so that they do not materially; reduce the bearing area where thebol- I over the'standard five unit nest of springs.

ster rubs-againstthe wearing faces of the side frame.

Because of the short axis of the nest of springs being arrangedlongitudinally of the spring plank, said spring plank may be made ofsubstantially standard length because of the very slight increase indimension of the spring group alongftheshort axis thereof Instead of thesingle boss normally employed on each end of the spring plank forlimiting outward shifting ofthe nest of springs, I 7 preferably employtwo bosses 23, disposed as indicated particularly in Figure 2, so as tocooperate with the four outermost spring units.

The locating bosses 17 are so arranged'with respect to the collars 19that the springs balance about said bosses, that is, said bossesliepreferably onthe longitudinal center line of gravityof said springsso that, when engaged in the locating apertures .15 in the spring-plank.12, the springs balance about the longitudinal center line of theframe.

V The upper spring plate .24 may be con-s structed identical with thelower spring plate 16 butis reversed so that the collars 19 vextenddownwardly and engage the inner in the desired assembled-relationswithre spectto the springs therebetween, and'placsprings 20 and thelocating bosses 17 extend upwardly and engage in correspondingapertures, not shown, in the truck bolster 25. :Because of thepositioning of the springs as previously referred to, the truck bolsterneed not be extended any great distance'to provide for the reception ofthe nest of springs, It

is preferable, however, to increase the thickness of the web 26 at 27where the same is extended horizontally to take care of thecorrespondingincreased dimension of the nest of springs so as not toappreciably decrease the strength of the bolster at this point Forretaining the spring plates 16 and 24 ing said springs under any desiredinitial compression or stress, the central portlons of the spring platesarecupped or embossed toe. ward 'each other, as indicated at 28,- saidcupped portions being perforated at 29 for receiving a retaining bolt orother means 30' extending therebetvreen. The portions 23 of 1 the springplates are formedsufliciently deep pressed under load. In other words,the

plates may be cupped sufficiently to allow for using a retaining bolt,the length of which is the same or less than the solid height of thesprings. The diameter of the cupped portions 28 preferably correspondswith the inner diameter of the single coil spring 21 so that said cuppedportions are adapted for receiving and positioning said additional coilspring. If desired, the customary retaining bolt apertures may be formedin the spring plank and side frames so that thenest of springsconstructed in accordance with my invention may be replaced by an A. R.A. standard five unit nest of springs, the spring plank 12, however, ifformed withretaining bosses 23, positioned as shown, not being adaptedfor receiving a normally positioned standard nest of springs. I

. For adequately reinforcing the spring plank seat or upper web 6 of thetension member 3 with respect to the novel arrangement of springs inaccordance with my invention, said web 6, which is increased to itsgreatest width directly beneath the innermost and outermost pairs ofspring units 18, is reinforced in addition to the reinforcing actionsecured by the diverging webs 8 and ,9 beneath the outermost andinnermost pairs of spring units, by preferably angular columns or stools31, 32 and 33 located preferably directly beneath the springs lyingalong the longitudinal center line of the side frame and extendingbetween the lower web .7 and the upper web 6. In the embodimentillustrated, these columns or stools are shown or as star shape in crosssection, but it is obvious that I do not wish to be restricted to theexact showing thereof. The end columns 31 and 33 lie, respectively,under the spring units of the six group nest of springs which lie on.the longitudinal center lineof the frame whereas theintermediatesupporting column 32 lies directly under the single coilcentral spring. 21. From a consideration of Figure 4, it will be seenthat the side webs 8 and 9 of the tension member are almost ideallylocated for supporting the two pair of spring units positioned mostinwardly and outwardly of the side frame as the centers of said springunits lie almost directly over the upper edges of said webs while thestools or columns 31. 32

and 33 are'similarly located for supporting the other springs. Althoughthe aforedescribed reinforcement is especially designed for the six orseven unit group of springs arranged in accordance with my invention,

yet it is admirably adapted for supporting the A. RA. standard five unitnest of springs when the same is normally positioned with respect tothe, side frame.

i From the-foregoing description, it will be said modified members, theA. B A. standard five group nest of springs maybe employedinterchangeably with the spring arrangement disclosed if the embossmentsor bosses 23 on the spring plank 12' are omitted and said plank and theside frames are provided with aper tures underlying the spring plateretaining means for receiving said means upon compres-'; sion of thesprings. "When using the standard five'group nest of springs, forexample, if such is necessary when making repairs, there will, ofcourse, be slightly ,more clearance at the place. of engagement of thebolster therewith and the bolster will overhang to a greater extent thanwith the present arrange- 'ment. In the same way, th'e spring' plank, if

used with the standard arrangement of springs, will 'be slightlywiderflthan isablong axis of the nest corresponds with the longitudinalcenter line of the frame, an ad ditional single coil spring centrallydisposed with respect to the six unit nest of springs, spring platesdisposed above and below'the nest of springs, and means passing throughsaid single coilspring and connecting said plates for holding theparts'of the nest; of springs assembled. ,7

2. In a car truck, in combination, a side frame formed with acompression member,

a tension member and bolster'colum'n guides spacing intermediateportions ofsaid compression and tension members and leaving a windowopening therebetween, theportion of the tension member, beneath'thewindow opening, being laterally widened to form a spring plank seat,aspring plank supportedon said seat, a six unlt nest ott'sprnigssnpported on said spring plank and arranged in hexagonal form with along axis thereof disposed longitudinally of the side frame, said springplank being correspondingly'widened at its end to accommodate the nestof springs,

said springs arrangedon said spring plank so that the c'enterofgravityof the group lies on the longitudinal center line of the side frame anda singleco'l'l spring centrally disposed with respect to said SIX unitnest of springs on said spring plank, bolster, the" r corresponding endof which is supported by the I springs, and retaining means for saidsprings serving tofproperly space the same with-respect to each "other,the'sprin'g plank and bolster.

3. In'a car truck,jin combination, a side frame formedwith a-bolsteropemng and a spring plank seat portionbeneathsaid opening providing asupporting surface at substantlally uniform elevat1on,a spr ng plankpositioned on said supporting surface, a six unit nest of springs,hexag'onally arranged withfla long axis thereof; disposed longi--tudinally of theframe,* supported on said spring plank above the seatportion ofthe frame, all of said spring units being of-sta'ndard sizeand each comprising an inner and an outer coil, and the springplankbeingcorrespondingly widened at its end on account of the increasedcorrespondingdimension ofthe nest' of springs but formed of aPPI'OXImately standard length because of the dimen sion of the nest ofspringsalong thelength of the spri-ng'p'lank being only slightly increased,anda seventh standard outer coil disposed centrally of said nest ofspringsto increase the capacity thereofwhile allowing sufficient roomfor the desired retaining means. I I. I

4'. In a'car truck, in combination, a side frame formed; with acompressionmember, a tension member and bolster guide "columns spacingintermediate portions of the compression and tension members and leavinga window opening therebetweemthat portion of the tension member, beneaththe window, opening being laterally widened to' form a: spring plankseat portion, a spring plank supported on said seat portion, a sixunitnest-of sprin-gs supported on said spring plank, said springs beingarranged with their units disposed as an equilateral hexagon with I alon'graxis thereof extending longitudinally of the frame and with thespring plank widened over the spring plank seat portion to correspondwith the-supported nest fof springs, a bolster, the corresponding end of'which is supported bythe springs, spring plates positioned one aboveand one below said springs and cupped toward each other at the center ofthe spring arrangem nt and retained bya bolt passing through the cuppedportions of said plates, said cupped port-ions being sufficient in depthto permit 'compres-;

sion of the springs without the necessity of providing aii'ape'rture' inthe spring'plank' to correspond with the retaining bolt, an additionalsingle coil springpositiene 'd centrally of the si-Xnnit nest er springsand held in place by the cupped portionso'f the spring plates, thespring plank outwardly of some 0f the springs being termedwith-retainingi bosses fer limiting spring shifting with re:

spect to the plank.

'5; In carnuek, in ebmbifiatioe; a; side frame formed with a bolsteropening and a spring plank seat portion beneath said opening, a 'sixunithexagonally arranged nestfof springs supported on said spring plank seatportion, springplates disposed one j above and one below said springsand provided with locating bosses on the center line of the frame andadapted for' engagement with corresponding apertures ofstandardlocation, said bossesbeing' disposed on long axes'of the spring plates,sald spring plates belng also cupped toward each other centrally of thespring-arrangement whereby they maybe connected together byaret'aining-bolt shorter thannormal, thereby allowingsuthcient room forcompression of the springs without perforating the spring plank for thereception of said bolt, said cupped portionsbeing of, a

size adapted to, receive a single coil spring between said springplates.

I 6. In a car truck, incombinatioina side, frame'formedwith a bolsteropening and a 1 spring plank seat'portion beneath said opening,'.aspring plank positioned on the seat portionfofthe frame, a hexagonallyarrangedsix unit nest of springs supported on said spring plankabovesaid seat portion and disposed with along axis of the nest in linewith .thelongitudinal center line of the frame,

spring platesfor said springs, said plates be ing formed with securingmeans extending between cen'tralzportions thereof, said central portionsbeing cuppedtoward each other and adapted for receiving an additionalsingle coil spring therearound, and substantially conical locating"bosses on sai'd plates adapted to engage in standard apertures on thecenter line Orr-he frame; a

7. In a caritruck, incombinatiomfa side frameformed with acompressionmember, a tenslon member and bolster gu1de,.columns I spacingintermediate portions of said vcom- PIGSSIOII and tension membersand'leaving a window opening therebetween, that portion of the tensionmember, beneaththe window r opening, being. widened I plank seatportion,

toform a spring on said seat portion,a sixunit nest of springs supportedon said spring plank overrthe seat portion, said spring u'nits be1ngarranged as an equilateral: hexagon withthe long "axis thereof arrangedlongitudinally of the :side frame, a bolster, the'corresponding end ofwhich is supported by the springs, spring plates positioned,respectively, above and be: low said springs and provided with springpositioning flanges for the six units ofthe nest ofsprings and centralcupped portions adapted for receiving anadditional single to" coilspring; and extending toward each other, Said'cupped portions beingapertured, means extendingthrough said apertures forholding saidspringplates in position with respect My to said, springs, said plates beingprovided with substantially conical locating bosses ara spring plank;supported:

ranged for engaging in normally located apertures in the bolster andspring plank, respectively, the side frame being of standard windowopening size with bolster columns provided with cuts therein forproviding sufficient clearance with respect to the adjacent springunits. l

8. Ina car truck, incombination, a side frameformed with a compressionmember, a tension member and bolster column guides spacing intermediateportions of said compression and tension members and leaving a bolsteropening therebetween, that portion of the tension member, beneath thebolster opening, being generally box shape in cross sec tionwith anupper relatively wide web forming a springplank seat portion, a lowerweb narrower than said upper web, webs extend ing upwardly and outwardlyfrom the side edges of said lower web to the upper web beneath thespring seat portion gradually converging at their upper ends tosubstantially upright positions beyond the, spring seat portion, aspringplank supported on said upper web, a six unit nest of springs supportedon said spring plank and arranged asan equilateral hexagon with itscenter of gravity lying on the longitudinal center line of the sideframe and its long axis coinciding with said center line, an additionalsingle coil spring positioned on said spring plank andcentrallyldisposed with respect to the other springs, the spring seatportion of the side frame being reinforced for porting the springs lyingalong the longitudinal center line of the side frameby columns angularin cross section extendingvbetween the upper and lower webs of thetension member directly beneath said springs.

,9LIn a car truck, in combination, a side frame formed with acompression member, a tension member and bolster guide columns spacingintermediate portions of. said compression and tension members andleaving a bolster opening therebetween, the portion of the tensionmember, beneath the bolster opening, being formed generally box shape incross section, with an upper relatively wide web serving asoa springplank seat portion and adapted for supporting a spring plank upon whichrestsa sixunit nest of springs hexagonally arranged with its long axisdisposed longitudinally of the side frame, the upper web'of said boxsection being widened from beyond the bolster column members andextended at a maximum width beneath the two outermost spring units andthe two innermost spring units of the nest of springs and reinforcedbeneath said springs by the side webs of the boxv section of the tensionmember being gradually flared outwardly from the lower web to the upperweb so that beneath said inner and outer spring units said webs joinwith the upper web of the tension'member substantiallydirectlybeneaththe centers of saidspring properly supunits, and .additional reinforcingmeans heneath the remaining spring units comprising stools angularin'cross section extending from the lower web to the upper web directlybe neath said springs; I r.

-10.'In a car truck, incombination, a side frame formed with a'bolsteropening of standard size and a spring plank seat portion beneathsaidopening and a six unitnest of standard springs supported 'at'auniform elevation by said hspring'p'lank seat portion of the sideframe, said springs "being "arranged in substantially regular hexagonalform with. ail'ong axis of saiidnest arranged longitudinally of the sideframe, the nest beingpositioned so as itobalance about the longitudinalcenter line of the side frame, those portions oftheframe at thesid'es ofthe bolster' opening and'nearestthe'springsfbeing provided withclearance recesses for said springs.

j'l'l. -In a car'truck, in combination, a side frame formed withfaoompression member, a ,ten sion1member*and bolster guide columns spacingintermediate portions of the compression and "tension members. and.l'eavingia window opening'thterbetweenythat portion offthe tension*meniberQbeneaith' the window opening,- beinglaterally widened "to forma springgplanktseatgportion, a" spring plank supported onsaidseatportion, a six unit nest of springs supported on 'said'spring plank,said springs {being arranged with their units dis posedas anequilateralhexagon witha lon axisthereo'f extending longitudinally ofthe frame and with gtheispring plank widened over "the spring p'lankseat portionto correspondwiththe 'supported nest oi springs, a bolster,the corresponding end of which is upp r by' h sp ngs, sp in P es "1sitioned one above and OIIG blOW said springs and-cupped toward eachother'at'the center of the spring arrangement and 'retainedfby a boltpassing 'through the. cupped portions of said plates, said cuppedportions being sufficient in depth to permit compression of the springswithout. the necessity of proi'riding "an .o aperturef in thespringplank to correspond, with the retain'ing bolt.

12. ay'car tr ck,- in combination, a side frame formed w th acompression member, 1a

tension member and bolster jcolumn fguides spacing intermediate portionsof said 'com- 7 pression and tensionrmembers and leaving a bolsteropening therebetween, that fp ort on of the tension member, beneath thebiolst'er outwardly from the a side edges of said "low-- er Web totheupper weblbeneath the spring seat portion, a *spring plank "supported onsaid upper web, a .six unit nest of springs supported on said springplank and opening, being generally boxshape in "cross section with anupper relatively wide web forming a spring plank seat portion, a lowerfweb, webs extending upwardly and mass s arrangedas an equilateralghexagon the spring seat portion of the side-inane being rei iforc'edfor properly supporting the springs lying along the longitudinal centerline of' the sidefframe by columns extending between the; upperf ndlowerQWebs' of'tlie;

a bolster opening 'therebetween, the portion ofthe'ftension member,"beneath the bolster openinggbeingformed generally box shape in crosssection with an upper relatively wide Wb SeI'V l gZaSia spring plankseat-portion and adapted for, supporting a 's t ring;plank upon wh iohrests a six unit nest of springs hexagonally arranged withitsflongaiiisdiss posed longitudinally of the side "frame, the

upper Wb of saifdgbox sectionf'being widened from beyond the ;bolstercolumn members I and extended at aimaximum width beneath the twooutermost spring' units and the 1 two innermost springunitsof thenest'of springs and reinforced beneath said springsby the side webs ofthe box section of tlie tension k, combination, a sine;

ression and ,"tension members and leaving member being gradually'fflaredoutwardly from the lower web tothe upper web solthat beneath said innerand enter spring units said webs Ij oin with the upper web'ofthe tension member; substantially directl y 'beneath theeenterso'fsaidspringunits. o

114:. side frame i for railway car "trucks comprising awcompressionmembenagtension member and bolster gui deioolumns" spacing intermediateportions of said compression andtension members and, leaving a: windowopening 'therebetween, thatjjp0rtion of the mef ea ht e-w dow waningbeing formed generallybox shape in cross section with'an upperrelatively wide web serying as a' spring plank seat 'poi tion, alowerweb narrower'ithan: said upper web and side websextendingbetweenthe .side edges of said lower web and the'npper web,said upper web being reinforced at its widened portion "by havingfthesifde 'webs'flared outwardly under the'spring plank seatjportion,saidxupper .web being 1 additionally reinforced at the'spring plank-seatportion *spaced columns extending *between the "upper and lower websthereof. V

"15. Aside-frame .for railway car trucks comp rising acompressionimember,' a; tension member and bolster guide columns spacingintermediate portions, of said compression andtension'.menibersandleaying a window pen g t e een, h p r on t e, am e h e wi o Opening,b ng formed generally box shape in crossSection w h ri'npperfr a ive ywid W b s rving-r as a' springplank seatportiom-said web being or ed w tta d iclf spring plank: quaring perforated for spring centering c posedaround said'cupped portion.

frame formed with a tension member and spacing intermediate .pressionand tension bolster opening therebetween, the portion of the tensionmember, beneath the bolster I the two outermost and the sides of saidbox upwardly from the lower web meet the upper 'web substantiallydirectly beneath said outer- I lugs on its upper surface, a lower webnarrower than said upper web and side webs extending between the sldeedges of said lower web and the upper web, said upper web beingreinforced at its widened having the side webs gradually flaredoutwardly so that under the spring plank seat portion the upper edges ofsaid side webs are substantially parallel with the side edges of theupper web, said upper web being addiportion by tionally reinforced atthe spring plank seat portion by a plurality of longitudinally spacedcolumns lying along the longitudinal center line of the frame andextending between the upper and lower webs thereof.

7 16. A spring plate for a six unit spring group formed with a centralcupped portion the-reception of retainin means for said group andadapted to'position an additional spring, and annular flangeshexagonally dis-- 17. A spring plate for a six unit spring 7 groupformed with a central cupped portion perforated for the reception ofretaining 7 means for said ceiving a single nular spring centeringflanges hexagonally disposed: around said cupped portion and spacedsubstantially group and adapted for re- 0011 spring therearound, an-

conical locating bosses plate on a long center line isposed on saidthereof and adapted for engagement in apertures positioned for standardspring plates.

18. In a car truck, in combination, a side compression member, a bolsterguide columns portions of said commembers and leaving a opening, beingformed generally box shape in'cross section with an upperrelatively wideweb serving as a spring plank'seat portion and adapted for supporting aspring plank uponwhich rests a six unit nest of springs hexagonallyarranged with its long axis dis- 7 'posedlongitudinally of the sideframe, the

upper web of said box section being widened and extended at a maximumwidth beneath spring units and the two innermost spring units of thenest of springs, section extending eo ported on said'seat portion, aseven unit nest of springs supported on said spring plank, six ofsaidunits being standard double coil springs and the seventh a single coilspring, a bolster supported on said nest of springs,

. 6 said spring plank seat portion being disposed in a single plane, thedouble coil spring units being arranged in the form of a regular hexagonwith the seventh single coil spring centrally disposed and three springunits positioned along the longitudinal center line of the side frame,whereby when the bolster angles with respect to the spring plank theeccentricity of the force applied to said nest of springs is maintainedat a minimum.

20. In a truck, in combination, a side frame formed with bolster guidecolumns, a bolster opening of standard size therebetween and a springplank seat portion lying at a single elevation beneath said opening, aspring plank supported directly on said spring plank seat portion, asingle spring plate supported on said plank, a six unit nest of springsresting on said spring plate, said nest of springs comprising six springunits arranged in regular hexigonal form with two of said units disposeddirectly along the 1ongitudinal center line of the side frame, saidspring plank seat portion being of normal length with the lower ends ofthe columns normally disposed, the lower ends or guide portions thereofterminating below the tops of the springs and formed so as to properlyguide an associated bolster, being formed with pockets adjacent saidsprings to provide the necessary clearance.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

BYERS W. KADEL.

